The Treaty of Versailles(ended WWI)

When Germany lost World War I, the allies wanted Germany to take full blame for all the damage. The allies wrote The Treaty of Versailles to punish Germany harshly. It wasn't enough to make them responsible for the war but it cost them dearly.

Germany lost a lot of money with the Treaty of Versailles. 10% of German lands were lost as a result, that made Germany lose all its colonies overseas. Then a huge 12.5% of Germans found themselves living outside German borders. Germany had suffered a huge economic lost in paying the Allies for reparation payments.

Germany got their military disarmed. Germany felt ridiculed because their military was the reaason Germany was famous. This made it look weak and defensless to other nations. Ths made a political uprising.

Germany was harshly punished for what it did. The Treaty of Versailles made completely sure that it got what it deserved. But all the punishment led to a hatred that Germany generated to all the nations that were part of the Treaty of Versailles.

Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) and the Modernization of Turkey

Mustafa Kemal was focused on bringing Turkey up to date. He tried to do it by making it less secular. That means he wanted it to be less religious way to dress. He felt that it would give his nation a new sense of dignity, equality, and happiness.
Mustafa encouraged the Turks to wear hats. He abolished the Fez and instructed them to wear brim hats, like the Europeans. He wanted them to wear pants and a shirt. Dress with a jacket instead of a robe. Mustafa beleived it would give the nation a more respectable image.
Mustafa was not a sexist leader. He wanted to give the women equal rights as the men. He beleived in the quote, "Everything we see in the world is the creative work of women." He wanted everyone to be equal.
With Mustafa leading the nation many changes came around. Mustafa brought Turkey to look more respectable compared to European nations.

Film Lesson - "Gandhi"

Gandhi was a hero in India because he helped it gain it's independence. Gandhiwas not a captain of any sort or an army leader. He beleived in rebellion but in his own way. He did not beleive in fighting with violence. He beleived in civil disobedience.

Civil disobedience is when you refuse to do something but without fighting back. Gandhi encouraged all Indians to let the British beat them and jail them. For example, during the Amritsar on April 13, 1919. It was a horrific event where Punjabis met for the Sikh festival. Once there they began to peacefully hear testimonies of victims of the harsh British rules. There Dyer appeared with 50 soldiers and fired for 10-15 minutes. About 1,650 rounds were shot into the surprised crowd and left, leaving 379 casualties and 1,500 wounded.

Gandhi's rule over the Indians gave them confidence. They felt secure and agreed with his logic. The Indians suffered greatly. But then it's true that every prize has its cost.

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